Lingelbach, W.E. The Merchant Adventurers of England: Their Laws and Ordinances with Other Documents. Philadelphia: The Department of History of the University of Pennsylvania, [1902]. xxxix, 260 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-442-8. Cloth. $80.
* With detailed notes and an extensive introduction. Chartered by the crown in 1474, the Merchant Adventurers was England's preeminent regulated international trading company until the early nineteenth century. This source book collects eighteen substantial documents written between 1407 and 1805, the most important years of the society's history. This group includes the Charter of 1407, extracts from the Charter of Edward IV (1462) and the Laws and Ordinances of 1608. Taken together, these records form one of the most detailed pictures of business organizations and methods during the later Tudor, the Stuart, and the early Hanoverian eras.

Littleton, Thomas, Sir. Tomlins, T[homas] E[dlyne], Editor. Lyttleton, His Treatise of Tenures, in French and English. A New Edition, Printed From the Most Ancient Copies, And Collated With the Various Readings of the Cambridge MSS. To Which Are Added The Ancient Treatise of the Olde Tenures, And the Customs of Kent. London: S. Sweet, 1841. lv, [1], 727 pp. Reprint available June 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-630-7. ISBN-10: 1-58477-630-7. Cloth. $135.
* With index. Parallel text in Law-French and English. Written during the reign of Edward IV [1442-1483], Littleton's Tenures was much admired for its learning and style. It is concerned with the doctrines of old English Common Law regarding the tenures of real estate as well as issues related to real property. This venerable work, which Coke called "the ornament of the Common Law, and the most perfect and absolute work that ever was written in any humane science," is a considered a landmark because it renounced the principles of Roman law in favor of a set of guidelines and doctrines drawn from the Year Books, and when necessary, hypothetical cases. Littleton [1402-1481] was a King's Serjeant, Judge of Assize and Justice of the Common Pleas. Tomlins [1804-1872] was a notable legal writer and antiquarian. His is best known for his Popular-Law Dictionary (1838). (He is confused sometime with his uncle, Sir Thomas Edlyne Tomlins, the prolific legal writer and editor of the later editions of Jacob's Law-Dictionary.)

Locke, John [1632-1704]. Two Treatises of Government: In the Former, The False Principles and Foundation of Sir Robert Filmer, and His Followers, are Detected and Overthrown. The Later is an Essay Concerning the True Original, Extent, and End of Civil Government. London: Printed for Awnsham and John Churchill, 1698. [6], 358 pp. Reprinted 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-602-4. ISBN-10: 1-58477-602-1. Cloth. $85.
* Reprint of the third edition. "[Locke] has two purposes in view: to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the Monarch, as it had been put forward by Robert Filmer's Patriarcha, and to establish a theory which would reconcile the liberty of the citizen with political order. (...) The constructive doctrines which are elaborated in the second treatise became the basis of social and political philosophy for generations. Labor is the origin and justification of property; contract or consent is the ground of government and fixes its limits. Behind both doctrines lies the idea of the independence of the individual person. The state of nature knows no government; but in it, as in political society, men are subject to the moral law, which is the law of God. Men are born free and equal in rights.": Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Lorimer, James. The Institutes of the Law of Nations: A Treatise of the Jural Relations of Separate Political Communities. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1883, 1884. Two volumes. Reprinted 2005 by the Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-516-5. Cloth. $250.
* Lorimer [1818-1890] was Regius Professor of Public Law at the University of Edinburgh and a founder of the Institute of International Law. Critical of utilitarianism, he proposed a system of public international law based on the law of nature. It is most notable, however, for its elitism, racism and support of colonialism. Since he believed in a hierarchy of nations based on cultural attainment, he rejected the principle of comity in international relations as a sufficient basis for international law. He used this point to defend the right of "civilized" nations to ignore the sovereignty of their "primitive" counterparts. Influential in Europe, this treatise offered a sophisticated argument that stoked the ambitions of continental imperialists.

Luce, Robert. Legislative Principles: The History and Theory of Lawmaking by Representative Government. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1930. vi, 667 pp. Reprint available March 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-543-0. ISBN-10: 1-58477-543-2. Cloth. $125.
* In this remarkable work Luce [1862-1946] elucidates the often complex relations between legislatures and the law. He then addresses the nature, origin and development of law, representative institutions and organic law as embodied in the U.S. Constitution, constitutional conventions and statute law. Luce was a member of the Massachusetts General Court, Lieutenant-Governor and member of Congress. An expert on legislative government, he was also a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917-1919.

Luce, Robert. Legislative Problems: Development, Status, and Trend of the Treatment and Exercise of Lawmaking Powers. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1915. vi, 762 pp. Reprint available March 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange Ltd. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-544-7. ISBN-10: 1-58477-544-0. Cloth. $125.
* Recommended by James Willard Hurst in The Growth of American Law, this book examines several issues that relate to the difficulties inherent in establishing and operating legislatures in republican systems including the separation of powers, judges as legislators, the veto power, the rise of the executive, the budget, and administrative legislation. Luce was a member of the Massachusetts General Court, Lieutenant-Governor and member of Congress. An expert of Legislative Government, he was also a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917-1919. Hurst, The Growth of American Law (1950) 451.

Mackenzie, Sir George. The Laws and Customes of Scotland, in Matters Criminal. Wherein is to be Seen How the Civil Law and the Laws and Customs of Other Nations do Agree with and Supply Ours. Edinburgh: Printed by George Swintoun, 1678. [xiv], 581 pp. With New (2005) introduction by James Chalmers, Christopher Gane, and Fiona Leverick. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-605-6. Cloth. $150.
* Reprint of the first edition of one of the earliest systematic studies of the criminal law. Sir George MacKenzie of Rosenhugh [1636-1691], "became notable for his resistance to the pretensions of the Crown, but in 1677, he was made Lord Advocate and in the next few years prosecuted and persecuted Covenanters with such zeal as to earn the title 'The Bloody Mackenzie.' In many cases he strained the law so as to obtain a conviction.": Walker, Oxford Companion to Law 792. He is also well-known for having founded the Advocates Library, now the National Library of Scotland. In contrast to Mackenzie's behavior on the bench, the Laws and Customes is notably moderate, especially in the sections dealing with witchcraft.

Madden, Marie R. Political Theory and Law in Medieval Spain. New York: Fordham University Press, 1930. xv, 198 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-497-5. Cloth. $80.
* Madden explores political theory and governmental organization during one of the richest periods of Spanish history. Along with keen discussions of such important landmarks as the doctrines of St. Isidore of Seville, the Costumbres of Tortosa, the Usatges of Barcelona and Las Siete Partidas, Madden analyzes the influence of Roman law and the administrative machinery of the king, municipalities and Cortes.

Maitland, F[rederic] W. Justice and Police. London: Macmillan and Co., 1885. viii, 176 pp. Reprinted 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-584-X. Cloth. $75.
* Reprint of the first book by Maitland [1850-1906]. Written for the layman, it is far more than a traditional overview. By discussing justice and police together Maitland offers a stimulating definition of his subject as "those institutions and processes whereby the country's law is enforced" (Preface). "Maitland's study was characterized by an originality of approach, a freedom from academic pretension and a simplicity of style that made it a stimulating and suggestive discussion of the intricacies of criminal law administration in England during the 1st quarter of the nineteenth century.": Columbia Law Review 29:847 cited in Marke, A Catalogue of the Law Collection at New York University (1953) 190.

Malden, Henry Elliot, Editor. Magna Carta Commemoration Essays. With a Preface by the Rt. Hon. Viscount Bryce. [London]: For the Royal Historical Society, 1917. xxxi, 310 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-436-5. ISBN-10: 1-58477-436-3. Cloth. $80.
* This collection of ten essays in honor of the 700th anniversary of Magna Carta was commissioned by the Royal Historical Society in 1915. Its contents include "Clause 39" by Sir Paul Vinogradoff, "Per Iudicum Parium Vel Per Legem Terrae" by F.M. Powicke, "Magna Carta and the Common Law" by Charles Howard McIlwain and "The Influence of Magna Carta on American Constitutional Development" by H.D. Hazeltine.

Maltby, Isaac. A Treatise on Courts Martial and Military Law: Containing an Explanation of the Principles Which Govern Courts Martial and Courts of Inquiry, Under the Authority of an Individual State, and of the United States, in war and peace. The powers and Duties of Individuals in the Army, Navy, and Militia; and the Punishments to Which They May be Liable, Respectively, for violations of Duty. The Necessary Forms for Calling, Assembling, and Organizing Courts Martial, and All Other Proceedings of Said Courts. Boston: Printed by Thomas B. Wait and Co., 1813. [viii], 272 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-508-4. Cloth. $95.
* Reprint of the first edition of an early American work on military law and courts martial. Based principally on legal and military American sources, it includes a series of twenty-two appendices. The first (and most extensive) contains the American Articles of War adopted in 1806, which outline the procedures for a court martial. Maltby [1767-1819], a member of the Massachusetts legislature and a presidential elector, was a brigadier general of the state militia during the War of 1812.

Mansfield, Edward D. The Legal Rights, Liabilities and Duties of Women; With an Introductory History of Their Legal Condition in the Hebrew, Roman and Feudal Civil Systems. Including the Law of Marriage and Divorce, The Social Relations of Husband and Wife, Parent and Child, of Guardian and Ward, and of Employer and Employed. Salem: Published by John P. Jewett & Co., 1845. 369 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-469-3. ISBN-10: 1-58477-469-X. Cloth. $150.
* Published three years before the Seneca Falls Convention, this lay guide for women is probably the first ever published in the United States. It is infused with the spirit of early feminism. As Mansfield [1801-1880] states in the preface: "Rights, and the knowledge of rights are no longer hidden from the masses of men; and why should they be from women?" (6). The book has four parts. The first is a general history of woman's legal status from biblical times to the 1840s. The second is an account of the American woman's civil rights. The third reviews the laws of property common to both genders. The final section reviews the rights, liabilities and duties of women in domestic relations. Mansfield was a Connecticut lawyer who later moved to Cincinnati, where he became professor of constitutional law and history at Cincinnati College.

Bryan, George. The Imperialism of John Marshall: A Study in Expediency. Boston: The Stratford Company, 1924. frontis., [viii], iii, 112 pp. Reprinted 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-643-7. ISBN-10: 1-58477-643-9. Cloth. $60.
* Reprint of the only edition. "[W]e are glad to welcome from the pen of so distinguished a lawyer a treatise that will be of very great value to every student of law and history and an important addition to the library of every discriminating collector of books.": Virginia Law Register 10 (1924-1925) 463.

Marshall, John]. Oster, John Edward, Editor. The Political and Economic Doctrines of John Marshall. New York: Neale Publishing, 1914. Frontispiece, 369 pp. Reprint available June 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. 2005. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-641-3. ISBN-10: 1-58477-641-2. Cloth. $95.
* Reprint of the sole edition. Unlike his colleague Joseph Story, Marshall [1755-1835] was not interested in formal scholarship. Devoted entirely to the bench and bar, he had neither the time nor inclination to write essays or treatises. In order to locate the principles that guided his juristic thinking, then, it is necessary to look at other sources. This is Oster's approach. He assembles a wide selection of letters, speeches, miscellaneous writings and excerpts from decisions and arranges them thematically with narrative commentary. A useful guide to Marshall's ideas, it also has the character of an intellectual biography.

Martin, John Hill. Martin's Bench and Bar of Philadelphia; Together With Other Lists of Persons Appointed to Administer the Laws in the City and County of Philadelphia, and the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: R. Welsh & Co., 1883. xvi, [5]-326 pp. Reprint available August 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-647-1. Cloth. $95.
* This reprint will be a welcome addition to bibliographies of Pennsylvania law. A mine of information, this book lists the holders of every public and private legal, appointed and elected office from the colonial period to 1883. More than a collection of lists, this book also contains histories of legal, governmental and political institutions and bibliographical essays about the Pennsylvania Reports and other publications. It even includes a great deal of miscellaneous information, such as a list of the portraits and busts belonging to the Law Association of Philadelphia.

Matsell, George W., Compiler. Vocabulum; Or, The Rogue's Lexicon. Compiled From the Most Authentic Sources. New York: Published by George W. Matsell & Co., [1859]. vi, 130 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-484-3. Cloth. $95.
* As New York City's Chief of Police and an owner of the National Police Gazette Matsell [1811-1877] had an abiding interest in criminal speechways. Although Matsell compiled this dictionary for his colleagues in law enforcement, he recognized its value to the linguist. As he notes in the preface, criminal terms were beginning to enter general usage and appeared regularly in newspapers, court reports and other publications. Matsell's compilation includes such entries as "acorn" (a gallows), "hemp the flat" (choke a fool), "rumbo" (a prison) and "tyburn blossom" (a young thief). The appendix contains samples of criminal speech and writing (with translations) and the vocabularies of gamblers, billiard players, pugilists and stock brokers. Published just before the Civil War, this dictionary offers a fascinating glimpse into the American underworld in the first half of the nineteenth century.

McIlwain, Charles Howard. The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1924. xi, 198 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-568-3. ISBN-10: 1-58477-568-8. Cloth. $75.
* In this work, which won the 1924 Pulitzer Prize in history, McIlwain argues that the central problem in the genesis of the American Revolution was the determination of the exact nature of the British Empire's constitution. "After a searching examination of a wealth of judicial precedents drawn largely from Ireland's relations with the English king and parliament, the author reaches the conclusion that 'there was a bona fide constitutional issue which preceded the American Revolution, and from which it in part resulted.' He contends that, strictly from the legal standpoint, the colonists had a number of good constitutional precedents to support their position.": Allison, Fay, [et. al.] A Guide to Historical Literature cited in Marke, A Catalogue of the Law Collection at New York University (1953) 377.

McIlwain, Charles Howard. Constitutionalism: Ancient and Modern. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1940. ix, 162 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-550-5. Cloth. $75.
* Reprint of the first edition. Upon publication The Law Quarterly Review praised this book, noting that "great learning is manifest in these pages" (cited in Marke). McIlwain [1871-1968] examines of the rise of constitutionalism from the "democratic strands" in the works of Aristotle and Cicero through the transitional moment between the medieval and the modern eras. He concludes with a discussion of the forces of despotism that were threatening constitutionally based individual freedom in the 1930s. One of the twentieth century's most distinguished scholars of Anglo-American constitutional history, McIlwain was Eaton Professor of the Science of Government in Harvard University and the author of The High Court of Parliament and Its Supremacy (1910) and The American Revolution: A Constitutional Interpretation (1924). Both of these are available as Lawbook Exchange reprints.

Millar, Robert Wyness. Civil Procedure of the Trial Court in Historical Perspective. New York: Published by the Law Center of New York University for the National Conference of Judicial Councils, 1952. xvi, 534 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-458-4. Cloth. $95.
* Reprint of a title from the Judicial Administration Series published by the National Conference of Judicial Councils. Millar [1876-1959], a professor at Northwestern University Law School, was a leading authority on civil procedure and its history. Written near the end of his career, the present study is a brilliant summary of his life's work. It discusses antecedents of the Anglo-American system, the evolution of procedure and American and English civil procedure in the nineteenth century. Other chapters discuss the development of specific areas, such as introduction of the cause, mode of trial and voluntary dismissal.

Miller, Elmer I. The Legislature of the Province of Virginia. Its Internal Development. New York: The Columbia University Press, 1907. 182 pp. Reprint available August 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-504-1. Cloth. $70.
* Miller offers a fascinating case that "the Virginia colony was a good illustration of the vigorous assertion of the Anglo-Saxon spirit of self-rule and adaptation to environment. The long conflict between government by appointees of a distant power, and government by representatives chosen by the people themselves, ending as it did in victory for the people, shows that among English people in Virginia at least the principle of representative government was stronger than absolutism." [175]. Tracing the evolution of the colony from its first colonial charters to the outset of the Revolution, this work is notable both for its breadth of sources and its quaint, if altogether too common, nod to the Social Darwinist influences then so evident in the academy. Originally published in the series Studies in History, Economics and Public Law published by the Political Science faculty of Columbia University.

Milton, John. Areopagitica: A Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing, to the Parliament of England. With an Introduction by James Russell Lowell. New York: The Grolier Club, 1890. lvii, 189 pp. Reprint available August 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-545-9. Cloth. $80.
* Reprint of the 1890 Grolier Club edition, which was limited to 325 copies. The victory of Parliament over Crown during the Civil War prompted many questions including those regarding the liberty of the press under the new regime. The Stationers Company, which enjoyed Royal patronage and a monopoly on printing and bookselling granted by the Crown, petitioned Parliament for the continuation of its privileges under the new regime. This was a controversial request because Milton and others resented the Company's censorship of political and religious publications in the years before the Civil War. Milton [1608-1674], in what has been called his "most important" prose, urged Parliament to reject its petition in the name of intellectual freedom. This edition has a long introduction by Lowell [1819-1891], the notable poet and associate of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, John Greenleaf Whittier and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.

Minor, John, Plaintiff. The Bible in the Public Schools: Arguments in the Case Of John D. Minor et al. versus The Board of Education of the City of Cincinnati et al.: Superior Court of Cincinnati. With The Opinions and Decision of the Court. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co. 1870. 420 pp. [With] The Board of Education of the City of Cincinnati v. John D. Minor Et. Al. 43 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-514-9. Cloth. $95.
* In 1868 the school board of the City of Cincinnati ended the practice of reading passages of the King James Bible in classrooms. Immediately challenged in the Superior Court, the school board's decision was revoked, in part, on the grounds that the readings were non-sectarian. In a ringing dissent, Justice Alphonso Taft, the father of William Howard Taft, declared: "This great principle of equality in the enjoyment of religious liberty, and the faithful preservation of the rights of each individual conscience is important in itself, and is essential to religious peace and temporal prosperity, in any country under a free government. But in a city and State whose people have been drawn from the four quarters of the world, with a great diversity of inherited religious opinions, it is indispensable" (417). The Ohio Supreme Court overturned on appeal. The latter decision and Taft's dissent were cited favorably by the U.S. Supreme Court in Abbington v. Schempp. With a new appendix containing the decision of the Ohio Supreme Court.

Minor, Raleigh C. A Republic of Nations: A Study of the Organization of a Federal League of Nations. New York: Oxford University Press, 1918. xxxix, 316 pp. Reprinted 2005 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-500-9. Cloth. $95.
* Written a year before the Versailles Conference, this book proposes the formation of a league of nations modeled on the government of the United States. (Each nation would be akin to a U.S. state.) Moving from theory to practice, Minor offers an outline of the league and how it would function. The appendix contains the texts of the U.S. Constitution and a proposed constitution of a league of nations in parallel columns. A stimulating contribution to international law, it is equally interesting for its thoughts on the U.S. Constitution. Minor [1869-1923] was a distinguished professor of constitutional and international law at the University of Virginia.

Mitchell, William. An Essay on the Early History of the Law Merchant: Being the Yorke Prize Essay for 1903. Cambridge: At the University Press, 1904. 176 pp. Reprint available August 2006 by the Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-633-1. Cloth. $65.
* With an appendix of source materials. The winner of the prestigious Yorke Ptize, this essay is still cited in the literature of commercial and international law. "Mr. Mitchell has satisfactorily risen to the occasion, and has given us an interesting study of the early history of that system of universal practical law which the traders of the Middle Ages recognised as binding upon them in their international dealings. Customary in its origin and principles, summary in its jurisdiction and equitable in its spirit, the Law Merchant has been a potent factor in the development of the modern commercial law of all the countries of Europe, and Mr. Mitchell's account of its beginnings is full of suggestion.": Juridical Review 16 (1904) 446.